Applied Nutrition & Dietetics

Table of Content

APPLIED NUTRITION & DIETETICS

1. Introduction to Nutrition

      Concepts

• Definition of Nutrition & Health
• Malnutrition – Under Nutrition & Over
• Nutrition
• Role of Nutrition in maintaining health
• Factors affecting food and nutrition

     Nutrients

• Classification
• Macro & Micronutrients
• Organic & Inorganic
• Energy Yielding & Non-Energy Yielding

      Food

• Classification – Food groups
• Origin

1. Carbohydrates

• Composition – Starches, sugar and cellulose
• Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) Dietary sources
• Functions

      Energy

• Unit of energy Kcal
• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
• Factors affecting BMR

III. Proteins

• Composition
• Eight essential amino acids
• Functions
• Dietary sources
• Protein requirements – RDA

1. Fats

• Classification – Saturated & unsaturated
• Calorie value
• Functions
• Dietary sources of fats and fatty acids
• Fat requirements – RDA

1. Vitamins

• Classification – fat soluble & water soluble
• Fat soluble – Vitamins A, D, E, and K
• Water soluble – Thiamine (vitamin B1), Riboflavin (vitamin B2), Nicotinic acid, Pyridoxine (vitamin B6), Pantothenic acid, Folic acid, Vitamin B12, Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
• Functions, Dietary Sources & Requirements – RDA of every vitamin

1. Minerals

• Classification – Major minerals (Calciu m, ph osphorus, sodium, potassium an d  magnesium) and Trace elements
• Functions Dietary
• Sources Requirements
• RDA

VII. Balanced diet

• Definition, principles, steps
• Food guides – Basic Four Food Groups
• RDA – Definition, limitations, uses Food Exchange System
• Calculation of nutritive value of foods
• Dietary fibre

     Nutrition across life cycle

• Meal planning/Menu planning – Definition, principles, steps
• Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) guidelines – breast feeding, infant foods
• Diet plan for different age groups – Children, adolescents and elderly
• Diet in pregnancy – nutritional requirements and balanced diet plan
• Anemia in pregnancy – diagnosis, diet for anemic pregnant women, iron & folic acid supplementation and counselling
• Nutrition in lactation – nutritional requirements, diet for lactating mothers, complementary feeding/ weaning

VIII. Nutritional deficiency disorders

• Protein energy malnutrition  magnitude of the problem, causes, classification, signs & symptoms, Severe acute malnutrition (SAM), management & prevention and nurses roles
• Childhood obesity – signs & symptoms, assessment, management & prevention and nurses roles
• Vitamin deficiency disorders – vitamin A, B, C & D deficiency disorders  causes, signs & symptoms, management & prevention and nurses roles
• Mineral deficiency diseases – iron, iodine and calcium deficiencies  causes, signs & symptoms, management & prevention and nurses roles.

1. Therapeutic diets

• Definition, Objectives, Principles
• Modifications – Consistency, Nutrients,
• Feeding techniq
• Diet in Diseases – Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, CVD, Underweight, Renal diseases, Hepatic disorders Constipation, Diarrhea, Pre and Post-operative period

1. Cookery rules and preservation of nutrients

• Cooking – Methods, Advantages and Disadvantages
• Preservation of nutrients
• Measures to prevent loss of nutrients during preparation
• Safe food handling and Storage of foods
• Food preservation
• Food additives and food adulteration
• Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA)
• Food standards

1. Nutrition assessment and nutrition education

• Objectives of nutritional assessment
• Methods of assessment – clinical examination, anthropometry, laboratory & biochemical assessment, assessment of dietary intake including Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method
• Nutrition education – purposes, principles and methods

XII. National Nutritional Programs and role of nurse

• Nutritional problems in India
• National nutritional policy
• National nutritional programs – Vitamin A Supplementation, Anemia Mukt Bharat Program, Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Mid-day Meal Scheme (MDMS), National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program (NIDDCP), Weekly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) and others as introduced
• Role of nurse in every program

XIII. Food safety

• Definition, Food safety considerations & measures
• Food safety regulatory measures in India – Relevant Acts
• Five keys to safer food
• Food storage, food handling and cooking
• General principles of food storage of food items ( milk, meat)
• Role of food handlers in food borne diseases
• Essential steps in safe cooking practic