Applied Microbiology & Infection Control Including Safety

Table of Content

SECTION A: APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Unit I: Introduction:
Importance and relevance to nursing
Historical perspective
Concepts and terminology
Principles of microbiology
Unit II: General characteristics of Microbes:
Structure and classification of Microbes
Morphological types
Size and form of bacteria
Motility
Colonization
Growth and nutrition of microbes
Temperature
Moisture
Blood and body fluids
Laboratory methods for identification of Microorganisms
Types of Staining – simple, differential (Gram‘s, AFB), special – capsular staining (negative), spore, LPCB, KOH mount.
Culture and media preparation – solid and liquid. Types of media – semi synthetic, synthetic, enriched, enrichment, selective and differential media. Pure culture techniques – tube dilution, pour, spread, streak plate. Anaerobic cultivation of bacteria
Unit III: Pathogenic Organisms:
Micro-organisms: Coccid – gram positive and gram negative; Bacilli – gram positive and gram negative
Viruses
Fungi: Superficial and Deep mycoses
Parasites
Rodents & Vectors
O Characteristics, Source, portal of entry, transmission of infection, Identification of disease producing micro-organisms
Unit IV: Immunity:
Immunity: Types, classification
Antigen and antibody reaction
Hypersensitivity reactions
Serological tests
Immunoglobulin’s: Structure, types & properties
Vaccines: Types & classification, storage and handling, cold chain, Immunization for various diseases
Immunization Schedule
SECTION B: INFECTION CONTROL & SAFETY
Unit I: HAI (Hospital acquired Infection):
Hospital acquired infection
Bundle approach – Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Prevention of Surgical Site Infection (SSI)
Prevention of Ventilator associated events (VAE)
Prevention of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI)
Surveillance of HAI – Infection control team & Infection control committee
Unit II: Isolation Precautions and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Types of isolation system, standard precaution and transmission-based precautions (Direct Contact, Droplet, Indirect)
Epidemiology & Infection prevention – CDC guidelines
Effective use of PPE
Unit III: Hand Hygiene:
Types of hand hygiene.
Hand washing and use of alcohol hand rub
Moments of Hand Hygiene
WHO hand hygiene promotion
Unit IV: Disinfection and sterilization:
Definitions
Types of disinfection and sterilization
Environment cleaning
Equipment Cleaning
Guides on use of disinfectants
Spaulding‘s principle
Unit V: Specimen Collection (Review):
Principle of specimen collection
Types of specimens
Collection techniques and special considerations
Appropriate containers
Transportation of the sample
Staff precautions in handling specimens
Unit VI: BMW (Bio Medical Waste Management):
Laundry management process and infection control and prevention
Waste management process and infection prevention
Staff precautions
Laundry management
Country ordinance and BMW National guidelines 2017: Segregation of wastes, Colour coded waste containers, waste collection & storage, Packaging & labelling, Transportation
Unit VII: Antibiotic stewardship:
Importance of Antibiotic Stewardship
Anti-Microbial Resistance
Prevention of MRSA, MDRO in healthcare setting
Unit VIII: Patient Safety Indicators:
Care of Vulnerable patients
Prevention of Iatrogenic injury
Care of lines, drains and tubing‘s
Restrain policy and care – Physical and Chemical
Blood & blood transfusion policy
Prevention of IV Complication
Prevention of fall
Prevention of DVT
Shifting and transporting of patients
Surgical safety
Care coordination event related to medication reconciliation and administration
Prevention of communication errors
Prevention of HAI
Documentation
Incidents and adverse Events
Capturing of incidents
RCA (Root Cause Analysis)
CAPA (Corrective and Preventive Action)
Report writing
Unit IX: IPSG (International Patient safety goals):
Identify patient correctly
Improve effective communication
Improve safety of High Alert medication
Ensure safe surgery
Reduce the risk of health care associated infection
Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls
Reduce the harm associated with clinical alarm system
Unit X: Safety Protocol:
5S (Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain)
Radiation safety
Laser safety
Fire safety
Types and classification of fire
Fire alarms
Fire fighting equipment
HAZMAT (Hazardous Materials) safety
Types of spill
Spillage management
MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets)
Environmental safety
Risk assessment
Aspect impact analysis
Maintenance of Temp and Humidity (Department wise)
Audits
Emergency Codes
Role of Nurse in times of disaster
Unit XI: Employee Safety Indicators:
Vaccination
Needle stick injuries (NSI) prevention
Fall prevention
Radiation safety
Annual health check
Healthcare Worker Immunization Program and management of occupational exposure
Occupational health ordinance
Vaccination program for healthcare staff
Needle stick injuries and prevention and post exposure prophylaxis.