Applied Biochemistry

Table of Content

APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY

1. Carbohydrates

• Digestion, absorption and metabolism of carbohydrates and related disorders
• Regulation of blood glucose
• Diabetes Mellitus type 1 and type 2, symptoms, complications & management in brief
• Investigations of Diabetes Mellitus
  • OGTT  Indications, Procedure, Interpretation and types of GTT curve
  • Mini GTT, extended GTT, GCT, IV GTT
• HbA1c (Only definition) Hypoglycemia  Definition & causes

1. Lipids

• Fatty acids – Definition, classification
• Definition & Clinical significance of MUFA & PUFA, Essential fatty acids, Trans fatty acids
• Digestion, absorption & metabolism of lipids & related disorders
• Compounds formed from cholesterol
• Ketone bodies (name, types & significance only)
• Lipoproteins – types & functions (metabolism not required)
• Lipid profile
• Atherosclerosis (in brief)

III. Proteins

• Classification of amino acids based on nutrition, metabolic rate with examples
• Digestion, absorption & metabolism of protein & related disorders
• Biologically important compounds synthesized from various amino acids (only names)
• In born errors of amino acid metabolism only aromatic amino acids (in brief)
• Plasma protein – types, function & normal values
• Causes of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyper-gamma globinemia
• Principle of electrophoresis, normal & abnormal electrophoretic patterns (in brief)

1. Clinical Enzymology

• Isoenzymes  Definition & properties
• Enzymes of diagnostic importance in
• Liver Diseases – ALT, AST, ALP, GGT
• Myocardial infarction – CK, cardiac troponins, AST, LDH
• Muscle diseases – CK, Aldolase
• Bone diseases – ALP
• Prostate cancer – PSA, ACP

1. Acid base maintenance

• pH – definition, normal value
• Regulation of blood pH – blood buffer, respiratory & renal
• ABG – normal values
• Acid base disorders – types, definition & causes

1. Heme catabolism

• Heme degradation pathway
• Jaundice – type, causes, urine & blood investigations (van den berg test)

VII. Organ function tests (biochemical parameters & normal values only)

• Renal
• Liver
• Thyroid

VIII. Immunochemistry

• Structure & functions of immunoglobulin
• Investigations & interpretation – ELISA